英语单词词性转换的基本规律

.动词(v.)→名词(n.) (a)词形不变,词性改变

例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).

(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词 例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner,

visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等. 注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r. 例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.

2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er 例如：run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等.

(c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词

例如:achieve—achievement (成就)

advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告)

agree—agreement disgree—disagreement amuse—amusement (娱乐) improve—improvement(争吵)

commit(奉献)—commitment develop—development (发展) depart—department (局,部) govern(统治)—government(政府) manage—management (管理) equip—equipment (装备) 有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argue—argument(争论)

(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词

例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction;

invent—invention discuss—discussion; express—expression educate—education;

graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion")

compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加"tion") decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改为s再加"ion") describe—description描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化)

(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词 例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现) perform—performance (演出) accept—acceptance (接受)

(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)

例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting bathe—bathing say—saying(谚语) mean—meaning end —ending train —training wash—washing 注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing